Exploration on the Practical Path of Physical Training in the Improvement of Sprint Performance

Abstract

Sprint events rely on the anaerobic phosphagen system for energy supply and are typical high-intensity competitive sports. An athlete's performance and final results largely depend on their ability to deliver peak power output in specific events. In grassroots track and field training and competition practice, a common phenomenon exists: some athletes exhibit standard technical movements and sufficient daily training loads, yet struggle to achieve significant breakthroughs in event-specific speed. The domestic grassroots track and field training system has clear shortcomings in developing event-specific physical fitness, primarily due to inadequate adaptation of physical training to specific events, fragmented overall training systems, and poor integration between old and new training models. This study employs literature review, logical analysis, and practical training synthesis methods, integrating the energy supply characteristics, force-generation patterns, and dynamic technical features of sprinting, to systematically clarify the complete composition and core training logic of sprint-specific physical fitness. It identifies various common issues in grassroots sprint training and proposes an optimized physical fitness training framework with practical applicability across four dimensions: hierarchical annual periodization, precise enhancement of event-specific abilities, integration of diversified training models, and training monitoring with injury prevention. The research outcomes can further refine the theoretical framework for grassroots sprint physical training and provide solid, feasible practical guidance for cultivating specialized abilities in youth sprint ers and implementing scientific training at the grassroots level.